History of Kandy

The history of Kandy is a story of resilience and defiance. The city was founded in the 14th century and became the capital of the Kingdom of Kandy in the late 15th century. Unlike the coastal areas of Sri Lanka, which fell to successive colonial powers (Portuguese, Dutch, and British), the Kingdom of Kandy held out for centuries due to its formidable natural defenses provided by the surrounding mountains. It was only in 1815 that the British finally annexed the kingdom, marking the end of Sri Lanka’s indigenous monarchy.

This long period of independence allowed Kandyan culture, art, architecture, and traditions to flourish and evolve, creating a distinct identity that is celebrated to this day.

The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa)

The most revered and famous landmark in Kandy is undoubtedly the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic. This is a pilgrimage site for Buddhists worldwide and a major symbol of national pride. The temple houses a tooth relic of the Buddha, which, according to ancient tradition, is believed to be the source of a king’s right to rule.

The temple complex itself is a stunning example of Kandyan architecture. Built within the royal palace grounds, it is characterized by its intricate woodwork, elaborate carvings, and beautiful murals. Devotees and visitors can witness the Puja (offerings and prayers) held three times a day, which are accompanied by traditional drumming. The relic itself is encased in a golden casket, which is visible to the public during the Puja ceremonies.

The Kandy Esala Perahera

Kandy is home to one of the most magnificent and celebrated Buddhist festivals in the world, the Esala Perahera. Held annually in July or August, this grand procession honors the Sacred Tooth Relic and the deities of the city’s four main temples. The festival is a spectacular display of Kandyan culture, featuring hundreds of beautifully adorned elephants, traditional Kandyan dancers, drummers, fire-eaters, and flag bearers. The procession, which unfolds over ten nights, is a deeply spiritual event that attracts thousands of spectators from all over the globe.

Other Key Attractions in Kandy

Beyond the Temple of the Tooth, Kandy offers a wealth of cultural and natural attractions:

Kandy Lake (Kiri Muhuda): This serene artificial lake, located in the heart of the city, was created in 1807 by the last king of Kandy, Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe. A leisurely stroll around the lake offers a peaceful escape and a beautiful view of the temple and the surrounding hills.

Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya: Just a few kilometers outside Kandy, these gardens are among the finest in Asia. Established in 1371, they were once a pleasure garden for Kandyan royalty. Today, the gardens span over 147 acres and feature an incredible variety of flora, including a stunning collection of orchids, spices, medicinal plants, and a magnificent avenue of palm trees.

Bahirawakanda Vihara Buddha Statue: A short but steep climb up a hill provides a panoramic view of the entire city. At the summit stands a colossal seated Buddha statue, which is a prominent landmark of Kandy.

 Udawattakele Forest Reserve: This historical forest reserve, situated on a hill behind the Temple of the Tooth, was once a restricted area for Kandyan royalty. It is a biodiversity hotspot and a peaceful place for a nature walk.

Kandyan Dance Performances: Visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture by attending one of the daily cultural shows. These performances showcase the vibrant and energetic Kandyan dance, which is known for its graceful movements and intricate drumming.

Kandy is more than just a city; it is a living museum of Sri Lankan history and culture, where ancient traditions are celebrated and preserved with great reverence. Its combination of sacred sites, historical architecture, natural beauty, and vibrant festivals makes it an essential stop for any visitor to the island